Achieving Net Zero Emissions in Italy by 2050: Challenges and Opportunities

This paper contributes to the climate policy discussion by focusing on challenges and opportunities of reaching net zero emissions 2050 in Italy. To support Italian energy planning, we developed roadmaps towards national neutrality, consistent with Paris Agreement objectives IPCC goal limiting increase global surface temperature 1.5 °C. Starting from framework, these scenarios identify correlations among main pillars for change paradigm 2050. The were using TIMES-RSE, a partial equilibrium technology-rich optimization model entire system. Subsequently, an in-depth analysis was sMTISIM, long-term simulator power system electricity markets. results show that, achieve neutrality 2050, will have experience profound transformations multiple strongly related dimensions. A predominantly renewable-based mix (at least 80–90% 2050) is essential decarbonize most final consumption. However, strong non-programmable renewable sources requires particular attention new flexibility resources needed system, such as Power-to-X. green fuels produced renewables via Power-to-X be vital source those sectors where electrification faces technical economic barriers. paper’s findings also confirm that European “energy efficiency first” principle represents very first step road neutrality.